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Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii

(C.N.Forbes) Sherff (1936)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Rosids Order: Malpighiales Family: Euphorbiaceae Genus: Euphorbia

‘ākoko, ‘akoko [akoko], ‘ekoko, koko, kōkōmālei

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Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs or small trees (0.4–)1–8(–9) m tall.

Stems: Stems prostrate to erect, glabrous, flowering branches often nodose, 1–4(–6) mm in diameter.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, distichous. Blades broadly obovate, (4–)10–70(–80) mm long, (3–)5–30(–40) mm wide. Apex acute to obtuse, retuse or mucronulate. Base cuneate to obtuse, oblique. Surfaces glabrous, sometimes glaucous. Margins entire. Petioles (0.5–)1–5(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous. Stipules acute to rounded–triangular, 1–4(–6) mm long, glabrous to villous, erose, ciliate.

Flowers: Flowers in cyathia in short or open branched cymes or solitary in the leaf axils, peduncles (0.5–)2–10(–19) mm long, glabrous to villous. involucre campanulate, (1–)1.5–3 mm high, 2–4mm wide, glabrous to villous, glands 4–5, green or red, glabrous to pilose. Flowers unisexual and highly reduced. Pistillate flowers solitary, on a gynophore; staminate flowers in 5 groups or cymules, each with 1 to several flowers. Calyx (sepals) absent. Corolla (petals) absent. Male flower reduced to a single stamen, with an articulation at junction of pedicel and filament, subtended by slender bracteoles. Ovary superior; styles yellow, green, or red, bifid less than ½ to more than ½ their length, 0.5–1(–1.5) mm long, glabrous to pubescent; stigma thickened.

Fruit: Capsules green to brown; ovoid to rounded–triangular; (0.5–)2–4 mm long; glabrous to pubescent; gynophores erect; exserted 0.5–1 mm from involucre; glabrous to pubescent. Seeds brown to gray; (0.5–)1–2(–2.5) mm long; tetragonal to obcompressed; smooth to rugose.

Ploidy: 2n = ca. 38*

Habitat: Coastal vegetation and mesic forest.

Elevation Range: 9-975 m.

Historical Distribution

Images

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Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Ka'ula Endemic
Ni'ihau(Incl. Lehua) Endemic
Kaua'i Endemic
O'ahu Only found in cultivation
Molokai Endemic
Kaho'olawe Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bot. Gaz. 97: 593. (1936)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:606 (Ni, K, Mo, Ka [as Chamaesyce celastroides var. stokesii]); Govaerts et al. 2000:692/Yang & Berry 2011 (Syn. C. c. var. stokesii = E. c. var. stokesii); Note: Kl added, based on BISH spms. (E.L. Caum 10, R. Daehler 15, D. Herbst 6220)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 10 Kaula Rock BISH 1932-08-17
2 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Daehler, R. 15 Kaula Rock BISH 1976-01-20
3 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kilauea Pt Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 2352 Kauai BISH 1972-02-24
4 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kaula Rock Preserved_Specimen Caum, E.L. 10 Kaula Rock BISH 1932-08-17
5 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kaula Rock; collected from rocky ledges, northeast part of the island Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6220 Kaula Rock BISH 1978-08-22
6 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kalihwai Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Kauai BISH 1916-02-01
7 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kii Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
8 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Near the beach at Kii Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
9 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Nohili, Barking Sands, STARS (Strategic Target System) site. Preserved_Specimen Funk, E.J. Kauai BISH 1990-07-29
10 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Near the beach at Kii Preserved_Specimen Stokes, J.F.G. Niihau BISH 1912-01-01
11 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14014 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
12 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14014 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
13 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kilauea Lighthouse Preserved_Specimen Wagner, W.L. 5187 Kauai BISH 1983-12-21
14 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi sands Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14014 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
15 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14014 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
16 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kamokou Preserve, Kupaia Ridge between gulches, East Molokai Montane dry shrubland Preserved_Specimen Pratt, L.W. 1964 Molokai BISH 1985-09-24
17 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Lae o Kilauea red earth, cliffs, near ocean Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 20428 Kauai BISH 1950-01-30
18 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Polihale State Park, dunes near camp grounds Scaevola taccada, Sesbania tomentosa, Nama sandwicensis, Vitex, Dodonaea viscosa, Cassytha filiformis, Sida fallax, Prosopis pallida, Leucaena leucocephala, Verbesina, Ipomoea imperati, Ipomoea pes-caprae Preserved_Specimen Perlman, S. 18932 Kauai BISH 2004-05-14
19 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Puu Koae Islet Ledges Preserved_Specimen Hobdy, R.W. 1948 Kahoolawe BISH 1984-02-11
20 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi sandhills Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. Molokai BISH 1922-07-26
21 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Polihale State Park, dunes in front of reef near Queens Pond Scaevola sericea, Sida fallax, Sporobolus virginicus, Ipomoea imperati, Nama sandwicensis, Chamaesyce celastroides, Ophioglossum polyphyllum, Vitex rotundifolia Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 11914 Kauai BISH 2006-06-04
22 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Pilaa Beach among Casuarina, along steep coastal bluff Preserved_Specimen Trauernicht, C. 259 Kauai BISH 2007-12-07
23 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Waimea District. Polihale State Park, dunes in fron of reef zone near Queens Pond. Coastal dry shrubland mixed community, sand dunes and lithified sand outcrops w/ Scaevola taccada, Dodonaea viscosa, Sida fallax, Sporobolus virginicus, Ipomoea imperati, Nana sandwicensis, Vitex rotundifolia, Waltheria indica, Boerhavia repens, Euphorbia celastroides var. stok Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 18642 Kauai BISH 2021-02-12
24 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kawaihoa Pt Tuff ridge slope Preserved_Specimen St.John, H. 23615 Niihau BISH 1949-03-31
25 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Lae o Kilauea Ledges along ocean. Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27177 Kauai BISH 1960-11-25
26 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi sandhills Preserved_Specimen Munro, G.C. 494 Molokai BISH 1922-07-26
27 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi sand, leeward side of large dune, dry Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 8069 Molokai BISH 1928-04-25
28 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Waimea District. Polihale State Park, dunes in fron t of reef zone near Queens Pond. Coastal dry shrubland mixed community, sand dunes and lithified sand outcrops, with Chamaesyce celastro8ides var. stokesii, Scaevola taccada, Sida fallax, Sporobolus virginicus, Ipomoea imperati, Nama sandwicensis, Vitex rotundifolia, Watheria indica, Boehavia repens, Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 15848 Kauai BISH 2014-02-27
29 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii UH Manoa, St.John courtyard partial shade Preserved_Specimen Lau, J. 1148 Oahu BISH 1985-06-27
30 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Lae o Kilauea ledges along ocean Preserved_Specimen Degener, O. 27177 Kauai BISH 1960-11-25
31 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Hanalei, Mokuaeae islet, Kilauea NWR mesic shrub/herbland; Chenopodium oahuense, Sesuvium portulacastrum, Portulaca lutea, Sida fallax, Chamaesyce celastroides, Lycium sandwicense; NE corner Preserved_Specimen Wood, K.R. 9816 Kauai BISH 2002-06-03
32 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kilauea Along coastal bluff. Preserved_Specimen Landgraf, L. Kauai BISH 1984-11-07
33 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Kaula Rock; NW part Preserved_Specimen Herbst, D.R. 6220 Kaula Rock BISH 1978-08-22
34 Euphorbia celastroides var. stokesii Moomomi Preserved_Specimen Rock, J.F.C. 14014 Molokai BISH 1918-04-01
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